Publications
Partners
- The US warned Israel not to conduct a ground offensive in Rafah.
- But it might all be "theatre", analysts say.
- Relations between US President Joe Biden and Israeli Minister Benjamin Netanyahu are at a low.
The United States has taken a public distance from Israel as never before over the Gaza war, but the decisive test will be Rafah and whether Israel heeds US warnings against an offensive in the packed city.
The US on Monday abstained at the Security Council, allowing a resolution to pass for the first time that called for an immediate ceasefire, infuriating Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu who delayed a delegation to Washington to discuss US concerns on Rafah.
But in a stance surely noted by Netanyahu, US President Joe Biden has made clear he will not use his key point of leverage - cutting US military assistance to Israel.
Annelle Sheline, who recently resigned in protest from the State Department, where she had been on a fellowship working on human rights, said the Biden administration may be shifting but that its actions so far - including the resolution and plans for an emergency pier to bring in aid - amounted to "PR stunts".
"I can only hope that things are starting to change. Unfortunately, I don't yet see the US actually using its leverage as far as ending or withdrawing support for Israeli military operations, turning off the tap of weapons," she told AFP.
READ | 'Dying just to get a can of tuna': Israel bombards Gaza as fears of 'man-made famine' grow
Michael Singh, managing director of the Washington Institute who was a top White House aide on the Middle East under former president George W Bush, said Biden was responding at the United Nations not just to domestic politics but to calls from US allies to compromise and not keep vetoing resolutions.
A resolution "is a signal, but it doesn't in any tangible way impact Israel's ability to prosecute the conflict", Singh said, while arms restrictions would "come at a much higher cost" strategically and politically.
Israel has been waging a relentless military campaign in Gaza in response to Hamas' surprise attack on 7 October that was the deadliest in Israel in its history.
The US has repeatedly warned Israel not to attack Rafah, the southern city where more than 1.4 million Palestinians have taken shelter, but Netanyahu last week vowed to press ahead after a direct appeal from visiting Secretary of State Antony Blinken.
US officials say they will present alternatives to the Israeli delegation on Rafah that will focus on striking Hamas targets while limiting civilian casualties.
Stephen Wertheim, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said that US officials' presentation of alternatives "indicates to me that they believe some sort of military operations will occur and they're trying to limit the damage of that operation".
Singh said the holding pattern on Rafah hurt the US and Israel as international pressure builds.
Singh said:
James Ryan, executive director of the Middle East Research and Information Project, said: "You do own it a bit more if you give them plans and they don't go well."
US criticism has been mounting against Netanyahu with Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, a staunch backer of Israel and the highest-level elected American Jew, in a bombshell speech criticising the conduct of the war and urging new elections.
A Gallup poll released on Wednesday said only 36% of Americans approved of Israel's actions, down from 50% in November.
Biden is a lifelong supporter of Israel who, facing a tough re-election fight in November, is feeling the wrath of the left in his Democratic Party on Gaza, where the UN is predicting famine.
Netanyahu, also battling for his political life at the helm of a far-right coalition, is a veteran fighter in Washington who has aligned himself with much of the Republican Party and clashed with three Democratic presidents.
"Both Biden and Netanyahu benefit from having some degree of friction between them," Wertheim said.
"Possibly the one thing that could save Netanyahu government once a new election occurs is for Netanyahu to be able to say to the public, I'm the one figure who was able to stand up to the Americans and also preserve America's support for us," he said.
Biden, in turn, is eager to show he is pushing back against Israeli "brutality" without imposing costs by restricting weapons.
"What we're seeing is a lot of theatre that serves the political interests of the leaders," Wertheim said.
