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Part of the problem is that nicotine addiction is highly underrated. To compound the difficulty in quitting, there are more factors (e.g. psychosocial aspects) involved than nicotine addiction.
It's also a long-term process. Research from the Boston University’s School of Dental Medicine indicates that most committed ex-smokers stick to their resolution after they’ve managed to abstain for at least one year. According to the study, only two to four percent of ex-smokers pick up the habit again each year after the initial two-year period. The very best results, yet to be scientifically verified, indicate a maximum success rate of 50 percent after six months, an estimated 35 percent after one year, and an estimated 30 percent after two years.
Some of the options available that may lead to a long-term solution, include nicotine replacement therapy, medications such as Zyban (bupropion) and Champix (varenicline), and combination therapy.
Here is a brief overview of your options. Remember to consult your doctor if you have any questions.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
NRT – in the form of gum, inhaler, or patches – has a very good record in helping people quit, with few or no side-effects.
NRT can be regarded as a temporary solution that helps smokers get past the first hurdle on their journey to long-term smoking cessation.
A tip for ex-smokers: Always carry gum or another type of NRT with you while you travel – in case the urge to light up should suddenly hit you.
Zyban
The antidepressant Zyban (bupropion) seems to increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine (neurotransmitters) in the brain, leading to an enhanced feeling of pleasure. This helps smokers to quit.
Some people should not use Zyban. They include those who have:
• seizure disorders such as epilepsy
• an allergic response to bupropion
• a current or prior diagnosis of bulimia, anorexia nervosa or bipolar disorder
• a liver disorder
• kidney problems
• heart problems
• hypertension
• head injury
• a brain or spinal column tumour
• diabetes
• people using alcohol or benzodiazipine sleeping tablets
Champix (varenicline)
Champix (varenicline tartrate) is another medicine that helps people to stop smoking by reducing the urge to smoke.
Make sure your prescribing doctor knows your medical history and any other medications you’re taking. Also be sure to mention if you'e using any other chemical smoking cessation methods, and whether you have experienced smoking withdrawal symptoms previously.
Depending on medical conditions you've had, it may not be advisable for you to take Champix, or you may need a reduced dose. For example, Champix may not be suitable if you have had mental health problems like depression, heart disease or kidney disorders. It is also not yet recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Champix has been associated with various side-effects, which have received a lot of attention in the media. The most controversial reported side-effects are those relating to mental disturbances: some people have had changes in behaviour and mood, including hostility, agitation, depression and suicidal thoughts or actions. If you or those close to you notice any marked changes in behaviour or mood, stop taking the drug and call your doctor immediately.
In fact (and this always applies to any new medication): report any changes to your doctor without delay. Champix has also been linked to various other physical side-effects, including allergic skin reactions.
All medications have potential side-effects, and it’s important to discuss with your doctor whether these outweigh the negative effects of smoking on your health, or whether you would do better on an alternative smoking cessation method.
Combination therapy
Combination therapy, which involves counselling, the simultaneous administration of NRT and/or a prescription drug, seems to be an effective solution for many smokers. Indeed, research has found a combination of NRT and counselling to deliver the highest odds of quitting successfully.
Behaviour change forms a crucial part of quitting. And, whereas NRT can take you part of the way, the required behaviour changes can't be made by a medication alone.
It's well worth joining a smoking-cessation programme to support you in your quit attempt. It's also advised to discuss the matter with your doctor or psychologist.
