CT scan of the cervical spine

Alternate names
CAT scan, computerised tomography, scan

What is  a CT scan of the cervical spine?
CT scan of the cervical spine is a CT scan of the neck. CT scan is an imaging modality which uses special X-ray equipment to produce multiple pictures of the inside of the body. These are then joined together by a computer to produce cross-sectional views of the area being studied, in this instance, the neck. The images are then examined on a computer monitor or printed.

The CT scanner is a large machine with a tunnel in the centre. A moveable table slides into and out of this tunnel. In the centre of the machine, the X-ray tube and electronic X-ray detectors are located opposite each other on a ring which rotates around you, measuring the amount of radiation being absorbed throughout your body. A special computer programme processes this information to create two-dimensional cross-sectional slices of your body, which are then displayed on a monitor.

Common uses
Any instance where injury to the neck is suspected by your doctor or demonstrated on a neck X-ray, for example motor vehicle accidents, contact sport injuries or falls. Gives detailed pictures of the anatomy of the neck bones which will help in identifying small bony or ligament injuries.

How should I prepare?
You will be given a gown to wear during the examination, but wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothes just in case.

Metal objects including jewellery, eyeglasses, dentures, hearing aids and hairpins may affect the CT images and should be left at home or removed prior to your exam.Women should always inform their doctor or the radiographer if there is any possibility that they may be pregnant.

How is the procedure performed?
The radiographer will position you on the CT examination table. You will usually lie flat on your back. Straps and pillows will be used to help you maintain the correct position and to hold still during the exam. Next, the table will move quickly through the scanner to determine the correct starting position for the scans. Then, the table will move slowly through the machine as the actual CT scan is being performed. With modern scanners the examination time for the neck CT will take approximately a minute or less.

If you are claustrophobic or restless, you may find a CT exam to be stressful, and might be given a sedative. You will hear only slight buzzing, clicking and whirring sounds as the CT scanner revolves around you during the imaging process.

You will be alone in the examination room during the CT scan, however, the technologist will be able to see, hear and speak with you at all times. With paediatric patients, a parent may be allowed in the room, but will be required to wear a lead apron to prevent radiation exposure.

Risks
Cancer due to radiation is always a risk, but the radiation from a CT is less than a normal person receives from background radiation (cosmic rays from atmosphere) The benefit far outweighs the risks.

Risk is increased for the babies of pregnant mothers, so please inform your doctor prior to the examination if you may be pregnant.

Repeated examinations on children should be avoided.

Limitations
Obese people might not fit on the scanner.

Details of the spinal cord, muscle and ligaments are not clearly defined on CT and a MRI study might be required.