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Research to be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behaviour (SSIB), the foremost society for research into all aspects of eating and drinking behaviour, suggests that sleep behaviour affects body weight control and that sleep loss has ramifications not only for how many kilojoules we consume but also for how much energy we burn off.
In recent years an increasing number of epidemiological studies have found a relationship between how long we sleep for and obesity as well as type 2 diabetes, suggesting that insufficient sleep increases the risk of gaining weight and developing diabetes.
Work carried out by researchers from the German Universities Tubingen and Lubeck and Uppsala University in Sweden has investigated the effect of short term sleep deprivation on hunger as well as on physical activity and energy used by the body. Physical activity was measured by special devices worn on the wrist that detect acceleration. Energy used by the body was assessed by indirect calorimetry, a method which estimates how much heat is produced by a person as they use oxygen.
The sleep deprived, the more we eat
Sleep deprivation increased how hungry participants felt and also raised the amount of the "hunger hormone" ghrelin detected in their blood. In fact, the shorter the amount of sleep a person had experienced the hungrier they were. After just one night of disrupted sleep volunteers moved around less although this was not surprising considering they also felt more tired. In addition, staying awake for one complete night reduced the amount of energy used by the body when resting.
This research tells us when we are sleep deprived we are likely to eat more kilojoules because we are hungrier. This alone might cause us to gain weight over time. However sleep loss also means we burn off fewer kilojoules which adds to the risk of gaining weight.
Ongoing studies aim to find out if increasing sleep time might help with weight control efforts. While there is still some way to go before sleep improvement is used to treat obesity and diabetes, the available research results clearly supports the notion that sleep is involved in the balance between the amount of calories we eat and the amount we use up through activity and metabolism.
(EurekAlert, July 2012)
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