Share

Virus may cause prostate cancer

A virus known to cause leukaemia and tumours in animals can be found in some prostate tumours and might be one cause of prostate cancer, US researchers.

They found xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus or XMRV in 27% of the human prostate tumours they looked at, especially aggressive tumours.

The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, may offer ways to better identify dangerous prostate tumours and to make drugs or vaccines to treat or even prevent prostate cancer.

"Our analysis of 233 cases of prostate cancers and 101 benign controls showed an association of XMRV infection with prostate cancer, especially with more aggressive tumours," Dr Ila Singh of the University of Utah and Columbia University in New York and colleagues wrote.

Market for vaccine could be huge
Viruses have recently been found to cause some cancers -- notably the human papillomavirus or HPV that causes cervical cancer and some cases of penile, anal and head and neck cancers. Merck and Co. and GlaxoSmithKline now make vaccines to prevent HPV infections.

The market for a vaccine to prevent prostate cancer or for better drugs to treat it could be enormous. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide after lung cancer, killing 254 000 men a year globally.

"The lifetime risk for developing prostate cancer is one in 6 in the United States, and globally, 3% of men die of prostate cancer," Singh's team wrote.

The researchers were scanning for genetic material from any viruses in prostate tumours.

"We found that XMRV was present in 27% of prostate cancers we examined and that it was associated with more aggressive tumours," Singh said. "We still don't know that this virus causes cancer in people, but that is an important question we're going to investigate."

XMRV is a retrovirus, a kind of virus that inserts its genetic map into the cells it infects. This act alone can kill a cell or turn it cancerous by affecting its genes. Singh said she was looking to see if this might be going on with XMRV.

"Is the virus associated with cancers in tissues other than the prostate or in gynecologic malignancies? How is XMRV transmitted? These are all intriguing questions that deserve further exploration," the researchers wrote in their report.

US researches estimated that 1 million US men had been diagnosed and treated for tumours that would never have harmed them. "Many cases of prostate cancer are unlikely to manifest themselves during the patient's lifetime. There is a clear need for better markers to detect cancers that pose a significant health threat, and to specifically target these for therapy," Singh's team wrote. – (Reuters Health, September 2009)

Read more:
Slim men have lower prostate risk

We live in a world where facts and fiction get blurred
Who we choose to trust can have a profound impact on our lives. Join thousands of devoted South Africans who look to News24 to bring them news they can trust every day. As we celebrate 25 years, become a News24 subscriber as we strive to keep you informed, inspired and empowered.
Join News24 today
heading
description
username
Show Comments ()
Editorial feedback and complaints

Contact the public editor with feedback for our journalists, complaints, queries or suggestions about articles on News24.

LEARN MORE