Publications
Partners
Back when Charlie Wilson was an avid runner, the only flutter he ever felt in his chest came from indigestion.
That changed on September 11. The now-retired New York police sergeant spent nearly every day for the next six months at the World Trade Center. He helped with rescue and cleanup missions, all while breathing in the hazardous dust still settling over lower Manhattan.
Years later, he developed sleep apnoea and asthma. And on October 19, 2011, Wilson received a pacemaker after years of dealing with an irregular heartbeat.
Wilson, 59, is among thousands of first responders, volunteers and New York residents with ailments and diseases linked to 9/11. More than 71 800 first responders and 16,600 survivors currently receive treatment through the World Trade Center Health Program.
Yet, 17 years after the world's deadliest terrorist attack, research has only started to uncover ways in which the aftermath has literally altered the hearts and minds of those affected.
Respiratory illnesses were among the first widely reported health issues, usually characterised by chronic coughing and wheezing. Acid reflux was another common complaint, along with sleep apnoea and sinus problems that often led to blocked upper airways.
Many of the problems were linked to the fact that the collapse of the twin towers filled the air with numerous carcinogenic particles and chemicals, including asbestos and fiberglass, exposing anyone within reach of the colossal cloud.
A study published last year in the journal Environment International found that New York children exposed to the dust because of where they lived in the wake of 9/11 may be at higher risk for heart disease. Blood tests of teens and young adults who were children when the twin towers fell showed high levels of artery-clogging cholesterol.
Another study published this winter in the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes showed a link between cardiovascular health and post-traumatic stress disorder, a common illness among 9/11 rescuers, volunteers and survivors. The research found that response crew workers who suffered from PTSD had more than double the risk for heart attacks or strokes than those without the disorder.
Dr Alfredo Morabia, the study's lead author, noted that heart disease is not formally recognised as a World Trade Center-related condition, but substantial research has demonstrated the need for medical insurers to consider the connection as such.
Dr Aaron Pinkhasov, a clinical professor of psychiatry at New York University School of Medicine, said he is not surprised to see research linking PTSD with cardiovascular health.
PTSD affects the part of the brain that responds to fear, and the brain can overreact to even benign situations. This disrupts the immune system and triggers an inflammatory response known to harden arteries.
On September 11, 2001, when the first plane crashed into the World Trade Center, Wilson immediately headed downtown and began evacuating people from the area.
When the second tower collapsed, "it was like a wave just picked me up, like body surfing," Wilson recalled. "It picked me up and threw me over the top of (a) van."
Wilson ended up breaking his back, but continued working until 03:00 the next morning.
In an Injury Epidemiology study last year, people like Wilson who sustained significant injuries on 9/11 were twice as likely to develop heart disease as people who didn't.
Wilson's back injuries eventually prompted him to retire from the police department in 2005. Other health problems followed, including the heart flutter that doctors failed to diagnose for years until shortly before he got his pacemaker. The device picked up another heart condition called atrial fibrillation.
His heart problems have not officially been tied to 9/11, he said.
"With all the research they're doing now, it will happen," he said. "It's going to come out eventually, but I don't know if I'll be around to see it."
Image credit: iStock
