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How long patients who faint should be monitored in the emergency department hinges on their risk for serious disease, a new study says.
In most cases, fainting is harmless. But some people faint due to serious medical conditions, including an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). Because arrhythmias can come and go, patients are sometimes kept in the emergency department (ED) for eight to 10 hours.
Standardised tool
But only a small percentage of patients seen for fainting suffer a dangerous irregular heartbeat, heart attack or death within a month, the study found.
"Before this study we didn't know which fainting patients needed to be monitored in the Emergency Department, and how long they needed to be monitored. We didn't know who needed to be hospitalised in order to catch life-threatening conditions," said lead author Dr Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy.
"Now we have answers to these questions that will help improve patient care, and potentially reduce ED wait times and hospital admissions," he said.
Thiruganasambandamoorthy is an emergency physician and scientist at the Ottawa Hospital in Canada.
For this study, his team used a standardised tool to rank arrhythmia risk for nearly 5 600 patients seen in six Canadian emergency rooms after fainting.
Seventy-four percent were deemed low-risk; 19% medium-risk; and 7%, high-risk.
Within a month of visiting the ED, 3.7% of patients (207) suffered an arrhythmia.
Most fainting patients low-risk
Arrhythmias were identified within two hours of arrival at the ED for low-risk patients, and within six hours for others.
Researchers concluded that most fainting patients are low-risk and therefore, can be sent home after two hours without further monitoring.
Doctors can decide whether to admit medium- and high-risk patients to hospital after six hours. They should consider a patient's overall health, ability to cope at home, injuries and need for further monitoring, the study said.
The study said medium- and high-risk patients can benefit from home heart rhythm monitoring for 15 days after leaving the ED. Nine out of 10 arrhythmias among that group were identified within that time frame, researchers said.
The study was recently published in the journal Circulation.
Image credit: iStock
