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Eating apples every day may be good for your cardiovascular health, new research suggests.
Women who ate dried apples every day for a year lowered their total cholesterol by 14% and their levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol by 23%.
"I never expected apple consumption to reduce bad cholesterol to this extent while increasing HDL cholesterol or good cholesterol by about 4%," Bahram Arjmandi, chair of the department of nutrition, food and exercise sciences at Florida State University in Tallahassee, said.
Arjmandi was to present the findings at the Experimental Biology meeting in Washington D.C. The US Department of Agriculture provided partial funding for the study.
Many foods can have an effect on cholesterol levels, according to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Foods containing saturated fats, trans fats and dietary cholesterol can raise your cholesterol levels, while foods with healthier fats such as olive oil can lower your cholesterol. Foods with fibre, such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains, can reduce cholesterol levels, while carbohydrates that are low in fibre tend to raise triglyceride levels and lower "good" HDL cholesterol levels.
The study
In the current study, the researchers wanted to assess the long-term effect that apple consumption might have on cardiovascular health.
They recruited 160 women between the ages of 45 and 65. The women were randomly assigned to one of two dietary intervention groups. One group was given 75 grams of dried apples every day for a year, while the other group was given dried prunes daily for a year.
The daily serving of dried apples contained about 1.004592 kilojoules, according to the study. An apple contains about 5 grams of fibre, according to the U Department of Agriculture.
The researchers found that women eating dried apples lowered their total cholesterol by 14%. LDL cholesterol dropped by 23%. Daily apple consumption also significantly lowered levels of C-reactive protein and lipid hydroperoxide, two substances that may indicate an increased risk of heart disease. What effects, if any, the prunes had on cholesterol levels were not mentioned in the study abstract.
Inflammation in the body
The researchers theorised that the nutrients in apples may reduce inflammation in the body.
Despite the addition of several hundred kilojoules a day to their diet, the apple-eating women didn't gain weight over the course of the study. In fact, they lost an average of 3.3 pounds.
Registered dietician Jessica Shapiro said she wasn't surprised that the women didn't gain weight. The addition of apples to the diet probably kept the women feeling fuller because of the fibre content in the apples, she explained.
"Apples really are an amazing fruit for many reasons," said Shapiro, who is a clinical nutritionist who counsels cardiac patients at Montefiore Medical Centre in New York City. "A large reason apples are so good is the fibre. Apples have both soluble and insoluble fibre. Insoluble is found more in the skin, and the pulp is more soluble fibre."
"The pulp of an apple gets to be a very viscous gel-like substance that grabs cholesterol and pulls it out of the body. It's kind of like nature's toothbrush, and it's brushing the bad stuff out," she explained.
"Another good thing in apples is pectin. It's a substance that's used to make jellies or jams, and pectin contributes to the viscosity of what's going through the body, and bulks it up to help remove it. Apples also have tons of antioxidants and other natural components," she said.
Recommendations
Shapiro recommended fresh apples over dried ones, because in the drying process some nutrients are lost. But Shapiro stressed that making healthy changes to what you eat can only do so much.
"Changing your diet can make a big difference, but eating a healthy diet is only part of it. Once your cholesterol is high, diet may not be enough," she said. "Some people are predisposed because of their genes to having high cholesterol, and a healthy diet may not be enough."
Shapiro also advised against making any changes to your medications, including cholesterol-lowering drugs, without talking to your doctor first.
Also, she cautioned, when increasing the fibre in your diet, do it slowly. This will help prevent bloating and gas that may occur if you increase your fibre intake too quickly. She said that 25 to 30 grams of fibre daily is the recommended intake, and she suggested increasing your current intake by about 5 grams daily each week to give your body a chance to get used to the increased fibre. (HealthDay News/ April 2011)
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