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GlaxoSmithKline Plc's widely prescribed drug Advair is safe enough for treating asthma, but two lesser-used medicines are too risky, a U.S. advisory panel ruled on Thursday.
Evidence of asthma-related deaths and serious complications led the panel of experts to warn against continued use of Glaxo's Serevent and Novartis AG's Foradil for adults, adolescents and children with asthma.
AstraZeneca Plc's Symbicord also was deemed safe alongside Advair.
All of the inhaled drugs contain long-acting beta agonists, but Advair and Symbicort add a steroid, which the panel felt made the medicines less risky.
"It looks like use of LABAs alone is more dangerous," said consumer advocate Sidney Wolfe, director of Public Citizen's Health Research Group.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration will consider the recommendations as officials decide if the drugs should continue to be approved for treating asthma.
Patients should not stop taking any of their asthma medications without consulting a doctor, John Jenkins, head of the FDA's Office of New Drugs, advised after the meeting.
Glaxo shares rose 1.8 percent after the panel vote to close at $36.08 on the New York Stock Exchange.
Advair is Glaxo's best-selling drug with $5.6 billion in worldwide sales through the first nine months of the year. Symbicord's sales for the same period were $1.5 billion.
Serevent sales were much smaller at $376 million. Schering-Plow Corp, which markets Foradil in the United States, reported sales of $76 million for that drug.
Appropriate warnings necessary
Staff within the FDA told the panel they were split on how to proceed. Drug-safety reviewers urged limits, including withdrawing the asthma approval for all of the medicines in children.
Experts in another division that reviews asthma drugs said the numbers of deaths and serious complications were small and risks were manageable with appropriate warnings.
An FDA analysis found 2.8 more serious asthma-related complications, including deaths and hospitalizations, for every 1,000 patients treated with a LABA.
Asthma is marked by restricted breathing and wheezing and is often made worse by exercise, cigarette smoke and other factors. About 20 million people in the United States have asthma, according to the National Institutes of Health. Uncontrolled asthma can lead to attacks that can be fatal.
LABAs used by millions
Millions of asthma patients use LABAs to help keep their airways open. Doctors on the FDA panel said the drugs offered important benefits for their patients.
"There is no doubt the advent of long-acting beta agonists has improved the lives of the majority of patients ... it would be in my opinion irresponsible to withdraw this medicine," said Dr. Fernando Martinez, director of the Arizona Respiratory Center at the University of Arizona.
The panel unanimously backed Advair's use in adults and voted 23-3 with one abstention for adolescents. More concern surrounded use in children, with panelists complaining there was little data to guide them. They voted 13-11 with three abstentions that Advair was safe enough for children ages 4 to 11.
The FDA could decide to revoke the approval of Serevent and Foradil for asthma, although the drugs would continue to be sold for treating another lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
On Serevent, the committee voted 17-10 that risks outweighed the benefits for adults and 21-6 against use in adolescents. They unanimously opposed use in children 4 to 11.
Some panelists who voted against Serevent and Foradil said they felt the drugs would be safe enough if their labels more strongly warned about serious safety concerns, and the importance of using an inhaled steroid with them.
All of the makers said the drugs' benefits outweighed the risks when used as directed.
Glaxo Chief Medical Officer Ellen Strahlman said the company was concerned "it is possible that Serevent would be severely restricted and deny patients needed treatment for optimal care of their asthma."
Novartis and Schering-Plow, in a joint statement, said they "strongly disagreed" with the panel's finding that Foradil's risks exceeded its benefits.
"We believe this opinion is inconsistent with clinical evidence," the companies said. (Lisa Richwine/Reuters Health)
