Treatment for alcohol abuse?

The treatment involves increasing levels of a brain protein called glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) - also being looked at as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. The researchers also pinpointed the site in the brain where GDNF acts to control drinking.

In addition, the treatment didn't block other normal pleasure-seeking behaviours (such as craving sweets), a common problem with drugs developed to treat alcoholism.

In this study, rats were conditioned for two months to seek alcohol. The researchers then injected GDNF into a brain region called the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), which is believed to be strongly involved in drug-seeking behaviour. The rats' desire to drink alcohol decreased significantly within as little as 10 minutes, and the effect lasted at least three hours.

But the rats still wanted to drink sugar water after the injections of GDNF, which shows that increased levels of GDNF didn't decrease this pleasure-seeking behaviour.

Finding may lead to new strategy
In another part of the study, the researchers trained rats to desire alcohol and then took it away from them. When alcohol was reintroduced, the rats started drinking the same amount as before. But when they were treated with GDNF, they lost their taste for alcohol. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"Alcoholism is a devastating and costly psychiatric disease with enormous socioeconomic impact. There is tremendous need for therapies to treat alcohol abuse," said study senior author Dorit Ron, principal investigator at the University of California, San Francisco-affiliated Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Centre.

"Unfortunately, only three drugs are currently approved to treat excessive drinking, and all have serious limitations. Our findings open the door to a promising new strategy to combat alcohol abuse, addiction and especially relapse," Ron said. – (EurekAlert)

June 2008

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