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Wait longer between Pap tests, new guidelines say

Most women can wait three to five years between Pap tests, according to guidelines released by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

The recommendations fall in line with two separate sets of guidelines released earlier this year - one by the American Cancer Society and other medical groups, and another from the US Preventive Services Task Force.

All of the new recommendations mark a further shift away from annual Pap testing, which was once the standard advice. Now ACOG agrees, in a new Practice Bulletin scheduled for publication in Obstetrics & Gynecology, that most women ages 21 to 29 should have a Pap test no more than every three years.

Right age or no test

For women ages 30 to 65, the best option is to have a Pap test, along with a test for human papillomavirus (HPV), every five years; otherwise, a Pap test alone every three years is "acceptable."

"Women can feel very comfortable with this," said Dr David Chelmow, referring to the longer interval between Pap tests. "The bottom line is, this is enough."

Dr Chelmow, who heads obstetrics and gynaecology at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, led the development of the ACOG guidelines.

Women younger than 30 should not have the HPV test, he said. That's because women that age commonly carry the virus, but for a relatively short time before the immune system wipes it out. So testing young women would largely catch short-lived HPV infections that would not contribute to cancer later.

"HPV testing just won't work well for women in that age group," Dr Chelmow said.

All of the new guidelines, he noted, are aimed at giving women and doctors clearer direction on how often to do cervical cancer screening.

"They're also aimed at avoiding over-testing," Dr Chelmow said.

Annual check up, a must

Traditionally, Pap tests were done yearly. But more recently, doctors have been recommending longer intervals to avoid over-screening. The previous ACOG recommendation had been for women ages 21 to 29 to have a Pap test every two years; for women ages 30 to 65, the interval was every three years, if their last three tests had been negative.

Dr Chelmow said these new recommendations are "much clearer."

Women younger than 21 should not be screened for cervical cancer at all, according to ACOG and the other groups. That's because the cancer is rare at that age, while abnormalities in cervical cells are common.

But all women, Dr Chelmow said, should keep having an annual "well woman" check-up -- despite one recent review from the Cochrane Library that found regular check-ups weren't likely to be helpful for healthy people.

There is now a vaccine against HPV, and women who've gotten it may wonder if they need cervical cancer screening. The answer is yes, Dr Chelmow said. "They should follow the same screening recommendations as everyone else."

The two vaccines used in the U.S. guard against only two cancer-causing strains of HPV. Those two strains account for about 70% of all cervical cancers - which means that even vaccinated women can still develop the cancer.

(Reuters Health, October 2012)

Read More:

Regular pap smears boost cancer survival

Pap test needed only every 3 years

HPV test can help cancer patients

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