More than 200 possible causes of intellectual disability have been identified but in some cases, no clear cause can be found.

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Intellectual disability can be caused by:

• Factors influencing the unborn baby, such as hereditary factors, excessive smoking or drinking by the expectant mother, abuse of chemicals/drugs, exposure to too much radiation/X-rays
• RH-factor – the blood of the mother and the baby are incompatible (e.g. the mother is RH-negative and the baby is RH-positive)
• living in deprived conditions, malnutrition
• complications during pregnancy
• untreated infections, illness and disease, such as German Measles, Meningitis, Diabetes, Syphilis, AIDS hypertension, jaundice, tuberculosis, encephalitis
• brain injury as a result of falling, physical abuse or road accidents

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