Some women experience "induced" climacteric and menopause due to a medical intervention, such as surgically removing both ovaries prior to natural menopause.
Induced menopause can also occur if the ovaries are damaged by radiation, chemotherapy, or certain other drugs. In such cases, there is an abrupt hormonal decrease, usually causing sudden onset of climacteric related disturbances.
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Women who experience induced menopause, early menopause (before age 40) or go for a prolonged time without menstrual periods, for example due to excessive exercising or dieting, may be at greater risk later in life for health problems such as heart disease and osteoporosis (loss of bone density, causing thin, brittle bones), since they spend a long time without oestrogen's protective effects.
Women who have a hysterectomy (uterus removed but not ovaries) prior to natural climacteric and menopause usually continue to produce hormones and thus not experience surgical climacteric. However, sometimes hysterectomy damages nerves and blood supply to the ovaries, resulting in some climacteric changes, which may worsen when the ovaries shut down further and natural climacteric occurs.
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