Haemodialysis
A dialysis machine can be regarded as a "kidney machine" in that it performs vital functions that an injured or diseased kidney cannot. The kidney’s function is complex and dialysis machines are large, but getting smaller all the time as the technology improves.

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The functions of the dialysis machine are to remove excess fluid and waste products from the bloodstream. You are connected to the machine for four to eight hours, three times per week. Some people have their own machines and can do their dialysis at home. For most kidney patients in South Africa, however, dialysis means a trip to the hospital every few days.

People on dialysis do not feel well. The blood levels of waste products are reduced to levels compatible with survival, but are nowhere near normal. Severe electrolyte (salt and other minerals) and fluid changes take place during the dialysis process. Survival is about 80% at two years, which is comparable with kidney transplantation.

Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
The peritoneal cavity is the space around the intestines. The very large surface area of the intestines creates an effective surface for the exchange of fluids and molecules. Peritoneal dialysis utilises this surface.

With CAPD, you have a permanent small tube implanted that runs from outside your body into the abdominal cavity. A very specific dialysis fluid is inserted via this tube. The composition of the fluid is adapted according to your specific needs. The dialysis fluid draws waste products and excess water from the bloodstream. The fluid is left in the abdomen for several hours before it is drained out, containing the waste products. This process has to be performed daily, but can be done in your own home. The main problem with CAPD is infection, so it is not suitable for people without access to clean running water in their homes.

Read more:
Urinary tract
Recognising kidney trouble

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