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Smoking is one of the greatest threats to national health, but its effects are preventable. It causes a third of all cardiovascular deaths, or deaths resulting from heart attack, stroke and blood vessel damage.

It causes cancer of the lungs, larynx and mouth, and has been linked to cancer of the breast and bladder. Nicotine causes blood platelets to form clots, which can trigger a stroke or heart attacks.

Nicotine also causes constriction of the blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. It appears to reduce the effectiveness of hypertension drugs, especially beta blockers.

Because any exposure to tobacco smoke is harmful, it’s not just heavy smokers who are at risk: non-smokers and so-called social smokers who have one or two cigarettes a day will be harmed. It’s also been found that children of smokers have lung damage that makes them more likely to develop emphysaema. They also have 30 percent more chance of developing asthma than children of non-smokers.

Smokers who are in good health are three times more likely to have a heart attack than non-smokers and their chances of recovery are worse. Frighteningly, smokers with hypertension are up to five times more likely to die of heat failure than non-smokers and twice as likely to die of a stroke.

What’s the good news?
It’ll come as a relief to hear that within a year of quitting, the harmful effects of smoking have decreased considerably. The risk of heart disease drops by half, and within five years it will have decreased to that of non-smokers. After about 12 years the former smoking faces about the same risk as someone who has never smoked.

Read more:
Genetic tests for hypertension
The risk factors of hypertension

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