• Reduce the number of sexual partners.
• Always practice safer sex:
• Use condoms from start to finish during anal or vaginal sex. Male latex condoms as well as female condoms provide protection against infection.

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  Always use male condoms when performing oral sex on a man.
• For oral sex on a woman, cover the vaginal area with plastic wrap (cling wrap), a condom cut open or dental dams.
• Never use oil-based lubricants with male condoms.
• Engage in non-penetrative sex practices such as kissing, massaging, hugging, touching, body rubbing and masturbation.
• Avoid alcohol and drugs, which can impair judgement and motivation to practice safer sex.
• Do not share needles/syringes when using intravenous drugs - preferably don’t use recreational or illegal drugs at all.
• Make sure all medical and surgical instruments, including those used for tattooing, body piercing or circumcision, are completely sterilised before re-use or are safely discarded.
• Be tested regularly and get treatment for other STDs (women and men with open sores from herpes, syphilis or chancroid are more susceptible to HIV than other people).

Reviewed by Dr Craig Corcoran, Clinical Virologist, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Cape Town, October 2006.

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