• People who have unprotected vaginal or anal sex
• People who have sex with many partners, thereby increasing the chance that they will encounter a partner who is HIV infected

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  People who share needles (for example for intravenous drug use, tattooing or body piercing)
• Babies of mothers who are HIV infected
• People who have another STD, especially STDs that cause open sores or ulcers such as herpes, chancroid or syphilis
• Haemophiliacs and other people who frequently receive blood products (this risk is now very much diminished, but there are still countries where blood is not adequately screened)
• Health care workers, where precautions are neglected or fail (for example through not wearing gloves or accidental needle injuries)

Reviewed by Dr Craig Corcoran, Clinical Virologist, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Cape Town, October 2006.

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