Diet exerts its effects on the heart at many levels. Excessive energy intake (i.e. eating more than you should) causes obesity. In South Africa, more than 29% of men and 56% of women are classified as overweight or obese.
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Obesity tends to:
Raise lipid levels, particularly cholesterol and the triglycerides
Cause insulin resistance, i.e. people who are obese cannot utilise insulin effectively
Cause type 2 diabetes, which is the result of increasing insulin resistance
Insulin resistance and diabetes can cause a dangerous dyslipidaemia known as the "atherogenic lipoprotein profile" (ALP). This actively promotes the development of atherosclerosis, which could lead to a heart attack or stroke.
It's important to remember that excess energy intake can come from a number of sources, not just fat. You can also eat too much carbohydrates and protein.
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