Advertisement

Causes, incidence and risk factors
Senile cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a cause of lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (bleeding in a localised area of the brain, a form of stroke) in the elderly. There may be multiple episodes of bleeding, which may occur over a period of many months. The symptoms occur because bleeding in the brain harms brain tissue. The cause is unknown. Amyloid protein is deposited in the arterial walls of the brain, and there are often no deposits elsewhere in the body. The major risk factor is age. The incidence is much greater in people older than 60.

Symptoms

• Headache (usually focal, localised to a specific part of the head)
• Vomiting
• Dementia (loss of cognitive ability)
• Drowsiness
• Neurologic changes (variable)
• May be sudden in onset
• Double vision, decreased vision
• Speech difficulties
• Confusion, delirium
• Weakness or paralysis
• Sensation changes or loss of sensation in an area
• Seizures
• Stupor or coma (rarely)

Signs and tests
An examination shows focal neurologic deficits (brain function changes) that reflect the location of the bleeding. If there is a history of dementia, lobar haemorrhage may be suspected.

A CT scan or MRI of the head shows lobar intracerebral haemorrhage. Often, a MRI or CT scan will show evidence of prior bleeding episodes that may or may not have been noticed. An angiography of the brain may be used to rule out arteriovenous malformation or aneurysm as the cause of the bleed.

Senile cerebral amyloid angiopathy is not specifically diagnosed until after death, when a postmortem biopsy reveals amyloid deposits in the blood vessels of the brain.

Treatment
There is no known effective treatment. Treatment is supportive and based on the control of symptoms. In some cases, rehabilitiation is needed for weakness or clumsiness. This can include physical, occupational, or speech therapy.

Occasionally, some patients are good candidates for medications that can help improve memory.

Expectations (prognosis)
The disorder is generally progressive. It cannot be definitively diagnosed in most cases until after death.

Complications

• Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage, repeated episodes
• Dementia
• Seizures
• Hydrocephalus ("water on the brain") (rarely)

Calling your health care provider
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if there is any sudden loss of movement, sensation, vision, speech or other impairments that may indicate a loss of neurologic functions.

Information supplied by the National Institutes of Health

For more information visit: Dementia SA: http://www.dementiasa.org/ or Alzheimer’s South Africa: http://www.alzheimers.org.za
 

Print this article

Rate this article Poor 1 2 3 4 5 Excellent

JOBS

Senior Secretary Gauteng - North/Sandton Infrastructure Resource Gauteng - Johannesburg Management Accountant R450,000-500,000 Per Annum Cost To Company Gauteng - Johannesburg Financial Manager R350,000-400,000 Per Annum Cost To Company Gauteng - Johannesburg Financial and Project Accountant R300,000-360,000 Per Annum Cost To Company Gauteng - Johannesburg Financial Accountant R380,000-420,000 Per Annum Cost To Company Gauteng - Johannesburg SSIS Business Intelligence Specialists (SSIS; SSAS) R350,000-500,000 Per Annum Cost To Company Gauteng - North/Sandton Financial Accountant R350,000-450,000 Per Annum Cost To Company Gauteng - South Find more jobs Register your CV Post a job