No-one knows exactly what causes acne, but doctors believe it results from several factors. It is partly a result of the ability to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the sebaceous gland due to the presence of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase.

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Hormonal changes in pregnancy or when starting or stopping birth control pills can also cause acne. Acne also tends to run in families and certain drugs are known to cause acne.

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