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Vaginal discharge and painful intercourse should also arouse suspicion of a genital infection, and require a visit to a doctor.

Regular Pap smears of the cervix are generally advised in women over 35 years in order to detect abnormalities that may indicate premalignant or suspicious cell growth. These suspicious cells in the cervix may indicate early changes in cell growth, known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN that may have occurred due to infection with particular "high-risk" types of HPV, like types 16 and 18. CIN lesions are early warning signs of cervical cancer.

A young age at the onset of sexual activity makes it much more important to have regular Pap smears of the cervix, as CIN lesions and cervical cancer can develop very early, even before 20 years of age, and may be fatal if not diagnosed in time.

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