XDR-TB is a less common form of multidrug-resistant TB in which the TB bacteria have changed enough to circumvent the two best antibiotics, isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF), as well as most of the alternative drugs used against MDR-TB.

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These second-line drugs include any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of the other three injectable anti-TB drugs: amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin. As a result, XDR-TB needs up to two years of extensive drug treatment and is the most challenging to treat.

Source: National Institutes of Health

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