Common sources of ammonia
Ammonia gas is produced by several industrial processes, but even if you don’t work in a factory, you can be exposed to it. The most common sources for household exposure are household cleaners, fertilizers and animal waste. Yes, we also produce ammonia when we urinate!

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How dangerous is ammonia?
It is well known that inhaling high levels of ammonia, as is likely during an industrial accident, is potentially very dangerous and may be even be fatal. The long-term effects of low-level exposure, however, are not well understood.

Occasional household exposures to ammonia are unlikely to have serious long-term health consequences. But as with any known toxic substance, it is of course preferable to avoid or reduce any exposure. The health risk is considered to be higher for vulnerable people, such as those with respiratory disorders like asthma, children, pregnant women and the elderly.

How to avoid exposure to ammonia

• Never mix ammonia-containing solutions with household bleach: highly toxic gases can be formed.
• Follow the manufacturer's instructions when using any household cleaners. Ensure good ventilation (i.e. at least an open window) while you’re using them, and wash your hands well afterwards. If you notice any symptoms (e.g. eye, nose or throat irritation, headache, nausea, skin irritation), leave the area at once and get outside into the fresh air.
• Store home cleaning supplies well out of the reach of kids, and keep them out of rooms where you’re using ammonia-containing cleaning products.
• Handle liquid ammonia fertilizer with caution, and make sure you understand how to use it beforehand.
• People who keep lots of pets indoors and don’t clean up their waste may be exposed to fairly high levels of ammonia – among other health problems.

(Olivia Rose-Innes, EnviroHealth Expert, Health24, May 2006)

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