A sprain occurs when the ligaments around a joint are overstretched or tear. This is often due to a sudden wrench or twist which causes the bones of a joint to separate unduly.

Minor sprains and strains can be treated at home using the following measures:

Start treatment as soon as possible to reduce swelling and speed up recovery. The less swelling, the more blood can get to the injured part to start the repair process.

Apply the R.I.C.E. method:

• Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase swelling.
• Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, since it will reduce pain without increasing bleeding. Thereafter, ibuprofen (or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatories) or aspirin is a good choice. Don't give aspirin to a child younger than 16 years.
• Arnica oil works well to reduce swelling.
• After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
• Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.
• Strains usually heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.