New research shows that this relatively unknown compound may play a role in disease prevention.

Coenzyme Q10 belongs to a group of compounds called ubiquinones. The name of this group is derived from the same root as the term "ubiquitous", which means "everywhere".

We can, therefore, deduce that ubiquinones occur commonly in human, animal and plant tissues.

The function of ubiquinones, including coenzyme Q10, is to act as "essential components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain".

This basically means that these compounds act as electron carriers in cells to ensure that energy is generated and released for a multitude of processes that occur in our bodies.

In addition, the ubiquinones are also fat-soluble antioxidants – powerful protective compounds that prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. The latter are formed in the body by various processes and exposure to pollutants, cigarette smoke and fat-rich diets.

Free radicals are implicated in tissue damage that leads to degenerative diseases such as heart disease and cancer.

Adult levels of coenzyme Q10 supplementation are usually 30-90mg per day.

It is recommended that coenzyme Q10 be taken with a meal that contains oil to improve absorption.

Coenzyme Q10 and other ubiquinones are manufactured in the body.

These antioxidants can, however, also be found in the following foods: fish oils (e.g. cod liver oil and salmon oil), nuts, fish, meat and vegetables.

Note, however, that cod liver oil is very rich in vitamins A and D, which when taken in excess, can have harmful effects.

Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency is rare.

However, research studies have linked the following clinical features to low levels of coenzyme Q10 in the body: muscle weakness, central nervous system dysfunction, learning disability, delayed motor development and seizures.

Coenzyme Q10 appears to be generally safe with no significant side effects. No serious toxicity associated with the use of coenzyme Q10 has been reported.

Although research studies are still in the early stages, there is some evidence that supplementing the diet with coenzyme Q10 can have a beneficial effect on the following conditions:

• Heart disease, including cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure
• Diabetes, by improving the function of blood vessels
• Muscle function in the elderly
• Hypertension
• Early deterioration in Parkinson's disease
• Serious kidney disease
• Fibromyalgia

Because coenzyme Q10 is involved with energy release in body cells, some research is also being done to determine if it can enhance athletic performance.