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Boosters are given for similar reasons. Often five to 10 years after the initial vaccination, the immune system will have decreased the level of circulating antibodies to levels that are not really protective. By re-exposing the immune system in the form of a booster, it will be stimulated to produce more antibodies, and more white cells that can "remember" and recognise the antigen.

In some situations, the immunity does last for life and no boosters are required. Sometimes, by the time 10 years have passed, there is little risk of getting the infection anyway and thus boosters aren’t given.
 

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