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Virginia Apgar devised this scoring system in 1953. It is now standard practice in most hospitals. The test is taken at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after the baby’s birth.

What does the test entail?

Appearance (colour):

• Pale or blue (0)
• Body pink, extremities blue (1)
• Pink (2)

Pulse (heartbeat):

• Not detectible (0)
• Below 100 (1)
• Over 100 (2)

Grimace (reflex irritability):

• No response to stimulation (0)
• Grimace (1)
• Lusty cry (2)

Activity (muscle tone):

• Flaccid (no or weak activity) (0)
• Some movement of extremities (1)
• A lot of activity (2)

Respiration (breathing):

• None (0)
• Slow, irregular (1)
• Good (crying) (2)

Scoring:

• A score of 7 or more is considered normal.
• Scores below 7 generally show that some bodily processes are not functioning fully, and need to be observed.
• A score of 4 or less requires immediate emergency measures.

- (Ilse Pauw, Health24)

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