Vaginal dryness: The facts

Vaginal dryness is a very real problem that affects millions of women worldwide.

It's estimated that up to 44% of women between the ages of 40 and 59 in menopause or post-menopausal stages experience vaginal dryness. Among these, 87% describe it as at least moderately bothersome, with 51% finding it "very" bothersome. After age 60, 70% of women experience vaginal dryness. This is according to a 2004 Gallup report on Vaginal Dryness.

"Vaginal dryness is a real problem that affects and interferes with women's daily lives. The effects of vaginal dryness range from minor discomfort to chronic pain," says Dr Machelle Seibel, a Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Massachusetts.

Why does it happen?
During menopause, the epithelial lining and the underlying tissues of the vaginal wall may become thinner and less elastic – a condition known as atrophy. This is due to decreased oestrogen.

Loss of vaginal lubrication may occur, resulting in soreness during and after sexual intercourse. Uncomfortable coitus may be one of the reasons why some women become less interested in sexual intercourse.

Vaginal dryness and thinning may continue after menopause. Vaginal changes may also increase the risk of infections due to reduced local protection against micro-organisms that may enter the vagina due to self-contamination or sexual intercourse.

Who suffers from it?
It is most commonly found in:

• Women in perimenopause and menopause
• Women who have just given birth or breastfeeding mothers
• Women on low-dose contraceptive pills
• Women on chemotherapy for breast cancer

The following factors place women at greater risk:

• Lack of regular sexual stimulation of the vagina
• Premature menopause
• History of temporary amenorrhoea (missed periods)

Traditionally, oestrogen in the form of a cream or vaginal tablets has been used to help with this problem. However, many women cannot or prefer not to use oestrogen preparations.

"The best bet for treating vaginal dryness is to use a vaginal moisturiser. Similar to the way a hand or facial moisturiser will deliver moisture and promote the healing of skin, an effective vaginal moisturiser will promote healing of the vaginal tissues and naturally restore vaginal moisture," says Prof Seibel.

It may also help to take a warm bath before intercourse. Regular sexual activity can also help to improve natural lubrication, and keep the vagina moist and toned.