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The decline in incidence of infection is mostly due to preventative therapies which have reduced the rate of mother-to-child transmission, a major route of infection. Children, however, also contract the virus through blood transfusions, illicit drug use and by having unprotected sex.
While advances in HIV/Aids research have enabled doctors to identify the infection in unborn babies, sometimes the virus isn’t suspected until a child develops symptoms.
Symptoms of HIV vary by age, but some of the most common signs include:
• A lack of weight gain, as stipulated by standardised growth charts.
• Brain or nervous system problems, often defined by seizures.
• Failure to reach developmental milestones during the expected time frame.
• Frequent illnesses such as colds and diarrhoea.
Doctors often choose to begin treatment even if young children show no signs or symptoms of their HIV infection in order to improve their general health.
On an emotional level, learning that your infant is infected with HIV can be overwhelming and frightening.
One of the most effective ways to deal with the uncertainty that stems from the diagnosis is to learn as much as you can about HIV/Aids. Having the correct information will empower you to take better care of your child. For example, when complications arise, you’ll be in a better position to treat them and ensure their comfort.
Here are a few helpful suggestions:
• Provide your child with a selection of healthy, nutritious foods throughout the day, but try to avoid foods that can create gas in the stomach and make your child feel bloated.
• Diarrhoea is a common symptom in HIV-infected children. An effective way to handle this is to give your child plenty of fluids, including soups, fruit juice diluted with water, and an oral rehydration solution. Moisten foods such as mashed potatoes, squash, pumpkins and carrots.
• Rest is integral should your child fall ill. Make sure your child gets plenty of rest.
A child's HIV diagnosis is undoubtedly a trying experience for any parent. It’s important that you speak to a mental health professional or contact an organisation that offers support and services for children with HIV/Aids and their families. Having a support network of informed individuals is crucial for you to cope and provide the best possible care for your child.
