Testicular cancer can be completely asymptomatic in its early stage.
Most testicular tumours present with a painless lump or swelling of the testis, noted by the patient or his sexual partner. 30-40% of patients complain of a dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum or lower abdomen. Acute pain is the presenting symptom in ±10% of patients.
Approximately 10% of patients present with symptoms or signs due to the spread of tumour to organs outside of the testes. Spread to the lymph glands can present with a mass in the abdomen or the neck.
Large glands in the abdomen can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Lung metastases lead to shortness of breath and cough. Bone involvement causes bone pain.