As baby Lili celebrates her first birthday in Australia, far
away in India her surrogate mother recalls the day the child was born - and on
whom she never laid eyes.
"I averted my gaze," says Seita Thapa, recounting
her experience of giving birth at the Surrogacy Centre India clinic in New
Delhi last February on behalf of a gay male couple who used an egg donated from
another woman.
"Why would I want to see the child? - I have my own
children," said the mother of two teenagers aged 16 and 18, adding that
the clinic gives courses that "prepare us mentally for the fact it's not
our baby".
Commercial surrogacy is a booming industry in India with
legions of childless foreign couples looking for a low-cost, legally simple
route to parenthood.
While the Indian government has been pushing the country as
a medical tourism destination, the issue of wealthy foreigners paying poor
Indians to have babies has raised ethical concerns in many Indian minds about
"baby factories".
The Confederation of Indian Industry, a leading business
association, estimates the industry now generates more than $2 billion in revenues
annually.
Surrogate barring
against gays
In a bid to silence critics, India recently issued rules
barring foreign gay couples and singles from using surrogates, drawing sharp
criticism from rights advocates and fertility clinics who called the move
discriminatory, but the industry remains otherwise unregulated.
Clinic owners deny ill-treatment of mothers, saying it is in
their interest to treat the women well in order for them to have healthy
babies.
Thapa, 31, who has the jet-black hair and almond eyes of the
Indians of the northeast, said she has no doubt what she did was right in
allowing the Australian couple to use her womb to fulfil their dream of
parenthood.
"I wanted to be a surrogate mother because I wanted to
deposit money into an account for my children for their future. I also wanted
to help parents who cannot have children," Thapa said. "I am proud to have given birth to a beautiful baby.
"The baby and parents are in my prayers forever. I feel
like part of the family," added the former cook, her eyes suddenly bright
with tears.
She refused to say how much money she earned from the
surrogacy but says she wants to start a second pregnancy in April. The clinic said the mothers get $6 000 from the $28 000 total surrogacy procedure
cost.
During her pregnancy, Thapa lived with her husband in
accommodation in New Delhi rented by the Surrogacy Centre India clinic, with
over 100 other surrogates.
Thapa's own children in their hometown of Darjeeling never
knew their mother was pregnant. "I didn't tell them so as not to disturb their
studies," she said.
In 2012, 291 babies were born in the clinic that opened in
2008. They now live in 15 different countries, including Canada, Australia,
Japan, Norway and Brazil. In New Delhi and across India, there are dozens of clinics
like the Surrogacy Centre but many refuse to open their doors to the media.
No desire to keep the
baby
According to Dr Shivani Sachdev Gour, director of the
centre, the women recruited never have the desire to keep the baby they have
carried for nine months.
"They have their own children, they've finished
building their families," she said, calling people who oppose surrogacy
"ignorant".
"They should come here to meet parents who dream of
having a child. How can they deny them this right?"
Marcia, a 40-year-old Brazilian who lives in Luxembourg, is
one such case. After trying for three years, Marcia has just arrived with
her husband in New Delhi to sign a contract with the clinic.
"When I look at the photographs of all these babies in
the waiting room, I want to cry," she told AFP, refusing to reveal her
full name because she has not told her family about her step.
"I'd rather not meet the surrogate mother who is chosen
- especially since it is not certain the pregnancy will be successful. We've
already had so much disappointment."
She said she will initially attempt to have her own embryos
transferred into the womb of the surrogate mother but if that fails, she will
opt for an "egg donation".
"At first it was difficult to get used to the idea of
another woman carrying my child, but if this is the only solution, then we will
have a baby this way - it's like a miracle," Marcia said.
Gour said the clinic organises counselling sessions for the
surrogate mothers to stress the importance of eating nourishing food, adding
the majority of the women want to repeat the experience.
Mamta Sharma, 29, from one of India's poorest states, Uttar
Pradesh, has been a surrogate mother twice, most recently last year for an
Australian couple.
"Everything has changed in my life with the money I got,"
said the mother of four children who invested her earnings in a new house.