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Children who derive all their nutrition from breast-milk during their first six months of life are less prone to a host of common infections, new Greek research says.
And when infection strikes, the ensuing illness is typically less severe among children who are exclusively breast-fed (having ingested no substitute formula) in their first half year, the study authors stated.
The research, led by Emmanouil Galanakis from the department of paediatrics at the University of Crete in Heraklion, Greece, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood.
The study
In 2004, Galanakis and his colleagues looked at the feeding patterns and infection rates among nearly 1,000 Greek infants from birth to one year of age. All the infants had received their routine vaccinations and all were deemed to have access to high-quality health care.
The study authors found that at the one-month mark, a little more than 60% of the mothers breast-fed their infants to some degree, but only about 25% did so exclusively.
At the six-month mark, only 17% continued to breast-feed, and only 10% did so exclusively.
Infection incidence - including respiratory and urinary infections, ear infections (otitis media), stomach upsets (gastroenteritis), conjunctivitis and thrush - were tracked at the one-, three-, six-, nine- and 12-month marks.
The findings
Analysing the numbers, the researchers observed that the longer an infant was breast-fed exclusively, the lower the child's risk for infection. Longer exclusive breast-feeding also appeared to translate into fewer visits to a doctor and fewer infection-related hospital admissions.
The finding, which has been seen in previous studies, held up even after accounting for other factors that can influence the frequency of infections, including exposure to cigarette smoke, ethnicity, the number of siblings in a household, and parental age and education.
The 91 children who were exclusively breast-fed for a full six months also experienced less severe infections when they got them, the authors noted. Partial breast-feeding, however, did not offer the same kind of protection.
Why is breast-feeding so good for infants? Galanakis and his associates theorised that the nutritional and immunological benefits are rooted in the antibodies found in mothers' milk.
"Exclusive breast-feeding helps protect infants against common infections and lessens the frequency and severity of infectious episodes not only in developing countries but also in communities with adequate vaccination coverage and health care standards," the study authors concluded in a news release from the journal's publisher. (September 2010)
(Copyright © 2010 HealthDay. All rights reserved.)
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