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Rats are smart, that's a well known fact. But US researchers said a series of tests have shown they may be just as good as humans at juggling information in order to make the best decision.
The discovery could help scientists better understand how the brain works in order to help people with autism that has difficulty processing various stimuli the way that others can, say the study authors.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory ran tests that presented rats with a variety of sound and visual cues, and analysed how the rodents sifted through that information and recognised patterns in order to get a treat.
Comparing the rats to humans who were given similar tests, they found that both groups made decisions that were in line with the "statistically optimal" curve – in other words, the best way possible.
Evolutionary process at play in humans and rats
"Statistically optimal combination of multiple sensory stimuli has been well documented in humans, but many have been sceptical about this behaviour occurring in other species," said neuroscientist Anne Churchland, who led the study appearing in the issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.
"Our work is the first demonstration of its occurrence in rodents."
The findings suggest that the same evolutionary process may be at play in rats and humans that allows for sophisticated decision-making, and could offer a platform for study of autism spectrum disorders, the study said.
People with autism are often unable to choose which sensory stimuli to pay attention to and which to ignore, making commonplace events like going to the grocery store a potentially insufferable outing.
Better position to treat disorders
"We can use our rat model to 'look under the hood' to understand how the brain is combining multisensory information and be in a better position to develop treatments for these disorders in people," said Churchland.
Next, Churchland and colleagues plan to build on their research by studying the interaction of sensory experiences and memory.
"Now that we have a good animal model in which to investigate these questions, the world – or the brain – is our oyster," she said.
(Sapa, March 2012)
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