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A new tool appears to accurately predict whether someone who's had a kidney stone will have another one in the future, researchers report.
They said the tool could help patients and their doctors decide whether preventive steps are needed.
The tool
The tool uses 11 questions to assess kidney stone patients' risk of developing another kidney stone within two, five or 10 years. Characteristics associated with a higher risk include: being younger, male and white; a family history of kidney stones; blood in the urine; a kidney stone made of uric acid; having an obstructing stone in the kidney pelvis, or additional non-obstructing stones; and a past history of kidney stone-related pain from a stone that was not actually seen.
The tool was developed using data from more than 2,200 adults in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who experienced their first symptomatic kidney stone between 1984 and 2003. More than 700 of those people had another kidney stone by 2012.
Read: Iced tea raises kidney stone risk
The questionnaire, described in an article published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, was created by Dr. Andrew Rule, of the Mayo Clinic, and colleagues.
Kidney stones
Kidney stones are solid pieces of material that form in a kidney because of certain substances in urine. Small stones cause little discomfort, but larger ones can get stuck in the urinary tract and cause much pain.
Nine percent of men and 6 percent of women in the United States have had a painful kidney stone. Medications and dietary changes can help prevent another kidney stone, but these preventive measures can be costly, difficult or cause side effects.
Read: High-protein diets increase kidney disease risk
"If we knew which patients were at high risk for another symptomatic kidney stone, then we could better advise patients on whether to follow stone prevention diets or take medications," Rule said in a journal news release.
"At the same time, patients who are at low risk of having another kidney stone may not need restrictive diets and medications," he added.
Read more:
Kidney stones increasing in women
14 FAQ on diet and kidney stones
Healthy diet fights kidney stones
Image: Kidney stones from Shutterstock
