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Researchers clone monkey

Scientists claimed that they have created the world's first cloned embryo from a monkey, in work that could spur cloning of human cells for use in medical research.

In work published online by the journal Nature, a US-led team said they had created cloned embryos from rhesus macaques using the same method that famously led to Dolly the Sheep and other genetically duplicated animals.

It is the first time that this technique has been successfully used to create cloned primate embryos.

The group generated two lines of embryonic stem cells from the embryos, according to the research headed by Shoukhrat Mitalipov of the Oregon Health and Science University in Beaverton, Oregon.

How cloning was first used
Dolly, the world's first cloned animal, was created in 1996, by using so-called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in which the genetic core of an egg is removed and replaced with the nucleus of an adult cell.

The egg is then stimulated with chemicals or a jolt of electricity to prompt its division.

The list of other cloned creatures using SCNT includes mice, pigs, cats, cows and dogs.

Until now, though, there has been no cloned primate, as researchers encountered obstacles that caused cell development to be flawed.

Primate cloning causes controversy
Work on primate cloning has stirred controversy in some quarters, with ethicists saying it could open the door to cloning human beings.

In an exceptional move, Nature said it was moving forward release of the paper because of "continuing speculation" about the research, following media reports.

Researchers distinguish between "reproductive cloning," in which a putative cloned baby would be born and "therapeutic cloning," in which only cloned cells would be used, for medical reasons, and no baby would result.

Stem cells are immature cells that develop into the specific tissues of the body. Embryonic stem cells have the highest capability of all, because they can differentiate into any tissue. Scientists hope to be able to coax these cells into one day becoming replacement tissue for organs that are damaged or diseased.

How it was done
Transplanted cells from a donor, though, run the risk of being attacked as intruders by the patient's immune system. By creating stem cells that are cloned with the patient's own DNA the risk of rejection would be avoided.

Mitalipov's team said they collected 304 eggs, also known as oocytes, from 14 female rhesus macaques.

The donor nucleus came from an adult male monkey housed at the Oregon National Primate Research Centre.

Thirty-five blastocysts, or early-stage embryos, resulted from the SCNT operation. They in turn led to two lines of self-dividing embryonic stem cells - a success rate of 0.7 percent when compared to the number of eggs used.

Researchers confident of breakthrough
"Our results represent successful nuclear reprogramming of adult somatic cells into pluripotent ES (embryonic stem) cells and demonstrate proof-of-concept for therapeutic cloning in primates," the paper said.

The claim that the stem cells were an exact DNA copy of the donor's genetic code was validated independently by a team led by David Cram of Monash University in Melbourne, Australia.

That confirmation comes on the heels of a scandal surrounding earlier claims on cloning. In 2004, South Korean scientist Hwang Woo-suk announced he had created 30 cloned human embryos from which he derived stem cells, but his data turned out to be fake. -(Sapa)

Read more:
Human cloning coming soon
Human cloning breakthrough

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