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Once filled with hundreds of ostriches, the fields of the Klein Karoo are strangely empty.
An outbreak of bird flu has forced South African farmers to slaughter thousands of ostriches, undermining the economy of this valley in the south of the country.
First detected on April 9, bird flu spread quickly through the ostrich stock, raised mainly for their meat.
South Africa accounts for 77% of the global ostrich market, and the EU buys 90% of its exports or did, until Brussels banned the meat because of the outbreak.
Virus harmless to humans
"The birds won't look sick or anything. If you look at them, they look healthy. The virus can't be transmitted to humans, and it is destroyed by cooking," said Anton Kruger, head of the South African Ostrich Business Chamber.
"The primary risk is that the virus could mutate and then affect poultry."
The virus afflicting South African farms is known as H5N2, related to the highly contagious H5N1 virus that struck Asia in 2004.
A single positive test results in an entire farm going under quarantine, and all the ostriches are slaughtered. About 33,000 have been killed so far, about a quarter of the region's total population. They end up as fertiliser.
Transportation of ostriches banned
Farms spared the disease were barred from taking birds to the abattoir before July, meaning they had to be fed for longer than expected. Any transport of the birds was banned.
Normally South Africa produces 250,000 birds per year, earning R2.1 billion a year in exports. Most of that comes from the meat, but also from their eggs and leather, which are sought after by designers.
And South Africa sends 15 tonnes of ostrich feathers to Brazil each year for Carnival.
Now the industry is losing R108 million a month, Kruger said.
Government pays farmers
Johan Keller had to sacrifice 4,500 birds when the virus was found on his sprawling farm.
The government paid him R2000 a head, or about 80% of the bird's value, but he's still waiting for aid that was promised to help him keep his 44 employees on the payroll.
"So far we have not received anything," he said.
"We are not really sure we need to try to become a big ostrich farm again, as we used to be," given the health risks, he said.
Economy suffering
Johan van Niekerk, an ostrich butcher on the main street in Klein Karoo's main town Oudtshoorn, said the outbreak is dragging down the regional economy.
"The ostrich industry is quite labour-intensive. There are fewer people working on the farms. The economy of the whole district is going down," he said.
His own business is down by about 20%, he said.
"The poorer people are suffering the most," he added.
Tourists misinformed
Bird flu has also frightened tourists, who provide another source of income on farms like Keller's, where he runs a guesthouse – now serving ostrich steaks bought from his competitors.
"Lots of people misunderstood the health situation. We got lots of cancellations and some people bypassed Oudtshoorn because they thought that there are no more ostriches here," Keller said.
The town holds a prominent spot on the tourist circuit, offering visitors a chance to learn about the birds, watch them race, and even ride them.
One of the biggest farms, Highgate, closed its doors as its sick birds were culled.
Three years to rebuild industry
Now the farm that once brought in busloads of tourists is deserted. About 40 people lost their jobs, said Eudes Etsala, a Congolese man who now directs tourists to another farm.
The industry hopes that the latest battery of tests will give them a clean bill of health. Even then, exports couldn't resume until December, said Kruger.
"It will take us at least three years to rebuild the industry," he said.
In the meantime, South Africans hope that Brussels will agree to allow exports from other parts of the country.
(Sapa, September 2011)
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