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Researchers analysed data from more than 7 300 women, aged 50 and older, in China who completed questionnaires that asked about their health and lifestyle, including whether they breast-fed or used birth control pills.
Most of the women had at least one child, and more than 95% of those with children had breast-fed for at least a month. Only 11% used birth control pills, and mostly for only a short time. The average age for their first pregnancy was 24, and the average age at diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was just shy of 48.
No cause-and-effect link
Women who breast-fed were about half as likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis as those who never breast-fed. And the longer a woman breast-fed, the lower her risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, according to the study, which was published online in the journal Rheumatology.
While the study found an association between breast-feeding and a lowered risk of rheumatoid arthritis later in life, it did not establish a cause-and-effect link.
Read: Breast-feeding and moms' sleep
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a painful form of arthritis that causes swelling, stiffness and loss of function in the joints. It affects women more than men, and some people have the disease for a lifetime. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, but genetic, environmental and hormonal factors are thought to play a role.
"Replication of the association between breast-feeding and lower risk of [rheumatoid arthritis] in a different population reinforces the need for further research to understand the hormonal mechanisms involved," the researchers wrote in a journal news release.
The researchers found no association between the use of birth control pills, which are hormone-based, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
More common in China
In China, breast-feeding is common practice and more widespread than in many western nations, the researchers said. They said their findings have potentially important implications for future rates of rheumatoid arthritis among women in China.
Read: Chinese herb for rheumatoid arthritis
"Women who took part in this study were born in the 1940s and 1950s, before China's one-child policy was introduced in the late 1970s, and at a time when breast-feeding was more prevalent," the researchers wrote. "The consequent decline in breast-feeding supports the need for prospective studies to examine whether there will be a higher incidence of [rheumatoid arthritis] in the future."
Read more:
Obesity ups rheumatoid arthritis in women
Menopausal age may affect rheumatoid arthritis risk
