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Researchers looked for early symptoms of eating disorders among more than 7 000 13-year-olds and found certain symptoms predicted which children would have weight problems at age 15. Girls who engaged in binge eating at 13 had an average increase in body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight relative to height, of 24% two years later.
Both boys and girls who severely restricted their eating at 13 had lower BMIs when they were two years older. "The most important message is that even at this young age, a high percentage of boys and girls have worrying eating disorders symptoms," Dr Nadia Micali told Reuters Health in an e-mail.
Micali led the study from the Institute of Child Health at University College London.
Read: What is binge eating disorder?
Excessive concerns
She and her colleagues gathered data from an ongoing UK trial that includes parents and kids. From surveys filled out by parents, the researchers collected information on eating disorder symptoms among 7 082 teens at age 13 – such as binging, excessive concerns over body weight or shape and behaviours like restricting food intake.
The team also looked at links between these symptoms and other aspects of the teens' social, academic, extracurricular and family lives.
Overall, 63% of girls and 39% of boys were afraid of gaining weight or getting fat. Extreme levels of fear of weight gain or concerns about body shape or weight were seen among 11% of girls.
Girls avoided fatty foods more often than boys, while boys were more likely to do intense exercise for weight loss.
Even at age 13, overeating and binging was strongly linked to negative impacts on the child's life and burden to family among both boys and girls, the researchers report in the Journal of Adolescent Health.
Read: Manorexia actually exists
Link to emotional troubles
Binging and overeating were especially linked to emotional and behavioural troubles for both genders. Cutting back on food was linked to mental health disturbances among boys more than girls.
Excessive concern over weight and shape also had a significant impact on girls, Micali notes, "but parents probably don't recognise the impact of this pattern on a child's life in boys," she said.
The findings are a reminder that boys do suffer from eating disorders and related problems.
According to Kathleen Merikangas, chief of the Genetic Epidemiology Branch at the National Institute of Mental Health, the results suggest that lack of regular eating patterns could be a target for intervention and prevention of obesity in youth.
Read: What is anorexia?
Distorted body image
Merikangas, who was not involved in
the research, added that the take-home message remains clear for parents: eating
disorders during the teen years offer a window into the risk of obesity later. Parents
need to be aware if their child has a distorted image of their body, Merikangas
said.
"Pretending not to notice or thinking that eating disorders behaviour will go away" are not good strategies, Micali said. Talk to them to understand if their eating disorder behaviours are a reflection of other more deep-seated problems. "Try not to be confrontational but supportive and firm. If they are worried, parents should seek help from a health professional," she said.
Read More:
Eating disorders: not only for women
Manorexia, bigorexia – the same thing?
Eating disorders may linger from childhood into adulthood
