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The terrifying E. coli outbreak in Europe appears to have been caused by vegetable sprouts grown on an organic farm in Germany, an agriculture official said as the toll climbed to at least 22 dead and more than 2,200 sickened.
Preliminary tests found that bean sprouts and other sprout varieties from the farm in the Uelzen area, between the northern cities of Hamburg and Hannover, could be traced to infections in five German states, Lower Saxony Agriculture Minister Gert Lindemann said.
"There were more and more indications in the last few hours that put the focus on this farm," Lindemann said.
Many restaurants involved in what is now the deadliest known E. coli outbreak in modern history had received deliveries of the sprouts, which are often used in salads, Lindemann spokesman Gert Hahne said.
Lettuce, cucumber and tomato
In recent days, as health officials tried to pinpoint the source of the unusually lethal outbreak, suspicion fell on lettuce, cucumbers and tomatoes, perhaps from Spain. Spanish farmers complained that the accusations were having a devastating financial effect.
"First it's the ‘evil’ Spaniards, and then you hear, very surprised, that it is our neighbour," said Dietrich Benni, who lives near the German farm. "It's a bit scary all of this especially that it is coming from an organic place."
The farm was shut down and all its produce recalled, including fresh herbs, fruits, flowers and potatoes. Two of its employees were also infected with E. coli, Lindemann said. He said 18 different sprout mixtures from the farm were under suspicion, including sprouts of mung beans, broccoli, peas, chickpeas, garlic lentils and radishes.
As for how the sprouts became contaminated, Lindemann noted that they are grown with steam in barrels at 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit) - an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply.
Water contaminated
He said it is possible that the water was contaminated with E. coli or that the sprout seeds - purchased in Germany and other countries -contained the germ. He said the farmers had not used any manure, which is commonly spread on organic farms and has been known to cause E. coli outbreaks.
Lindemann urged Germans not to eat sprouts until further notice. He said authorities could not yet rule out other possible sources and warned Germans to continue avoiding tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuce for now.
The outbreak has been blamed on a highly aggressive, "super-toxic" strain of E. coli, perhaps one that scientists have never seen before.
E. coli can be found in the faeces of humans and livestock and can spread to produce through sloppy bathroom habits among farm-workers and through animal waste in fields and in irrigation water. Organic farms tend to use more manure than other producers do.
Previous outbreaks
Sprouts have been implicated in previous E. coli outbreaks, particularly one in 1996 in Japan, where tainted radish sprouts killed 12 people and reportedly sickened more than 12,000 others.
The head of Germany's national disease control centre raised the death toll to 22 -21 in Germany and one in Sweden - and said an additional 2,153 people in Germany have been sickened.
That figure included 627 people who have developed a rare, serious complication of the disease that can cause kidney failure. Ten other European nations and the US have reported a total of 90 other victims.
Germany's health minister fiercely defended his country's handling of the crisis as he toured a hospital in Hamburg, the epicentre of the emergency.
Hospital conditions
The comments by Health Minister Daniel Bahr reflected a sharp shift in his public response to the crisis and came after AP journalists reported on emergency room chaos and unsanitary conditions at the same hospital, the University Medical Centre in Hamburg-Eppendorf.
Bahr admitted that hospitals in northern Germany were overwhelmed and struggling to provide beds and medical care for victims of the outbreak, and he suggested that other German regions start taking in sick patients from the north.
But after one E. coli survivor told the AP that conditions at the Hamburg hospital were horrendous when she arrived with cramps and bloody diarrhoea, Bahr announced a visit and told reporters that German medical workers and northern state governments were doing "everything necessary" to help victims.
Nicoletta Pabst, 41, said that sanitary conditions at the Hamburg-Eppendorf hospital were shocking and its emergency room was overflowing with ailing people when she arrived.
"All of us had diarrhoea and there was only one bathroom each for men and women - it was a complete mess," she said. "If I hadn't been sick with E. coli by then, I probably would have picked it up over there."
Doctors and nurses in northern Germany have been working overtime for weeks since the crisis began.
(Sapa, Kirsten Grieshaber and Tomislav Skaro, June 2011)
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