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Air pollution can worsen heart disease risk factors, especially in people with diabetes, a new study suggests.
Cumulative exposure
"We found an association between air pollution exposure in the intermediate term and undesirable changes in cholesterol," said study first author Maayan Yitshak Sade, of Ben-Gurion University and Soroka University Medical Centre in Israel.
"This suggests that cumulative exposure to air pollution over the course of a lifetime could lead to elevated risk of cardiovascular disease," Sade added.
Read: Air pollution remains a heart risk
The researchers analysed the results of more than 600,000 blood samples taken between 2003 and 2012 from more than 73,000 adults in southern Israel.
All of the participants were smokers or had been diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure or too low/too high levels of fat in the blood.
Those exposed to higher levels of air pollution in the previous three months had higher blood sugar levels, higher levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol and fats in the blood, and lower levels of "good" HDL cholesterol than those exposed to lower levels of air pollution.
A protective effect
In general, the link between air pollution and these heart disease risk factors was higher among people with diabetes.
Read: Pollution can hurt the heart
However, there appeared to be a protective effect among those taking diabetes medications other than insulin.
The study was published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
"While air pollution is linked with relatively small changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, the continuous nature of exposure and the number of people affected gives us cause for concern," said senior study author Dr Victor Novack, also of Soroka University Medical Centre and Ben-Gurion University.
"Even small changes in glucose levels and glycaemic control can contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease," he said in a journal news release.
Read more:
Air pollution tied to chronic heart disease
High pollution increases heart attack risk
