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New York City cracked down on the sale of supersized sodas and other sugary drinks in what was celebrated by some as a groundbreaking attempt to curb obesity but condemned by others as a blatant intrusion into people's lives by a busybody mayor.
Public health experts around the nation - and the restaurant and soft-drink industry - will be watching closely to see how it goes over among New Yorkers, a famously disputatious bunch. Barring any court action, the measure will take effect in March.
The regulations, approved easily by the city Board of Health, apply to any establishment with a food-service licence, including fast-food places, delis, movie and Broadway theatres, the concession stands at Yankee Stadium and the pizzerias of Little Italy. They will be barred from serving sugary beverages in cups or bottles larger than 16 ounces (0.47 litres).
No other US city has gone so far as to restrict portion sizes at restaurants to fight weight gain."We cannot continue to have our kids come down with diabetes at age six," said Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
Mayor’s response to ban
The mayor rejected suggestions that the rule constitutes an assault on personal liberty. "Nobody is banning anything," he said, noting that restaurant customers can still buy as much soda as they want, as long as they are willing to carry it in multiple containers.
He said the inconvenience is well worth the potential public health benefit, and likened the city's actions to measures taken decades ago to phase out lead in household paint. Others, though, likened the ban to Prohibition. A New York Times poll last month showed that six in 10 New Yorkers opposed the restrictions.
"It's a slippery slope. When does it stop? What comes next?" said Sebastian Lopez, a college student from Queens. He added: "This is my life. I should be able to do what I want."
The restrictions do not apply to supermarkets or most convenience stores, because such establishments are not subject to Board of Health regulation. And there are exceptions for beverages made mostly of milk or unsweetened fruit juice.
Health experts take on overeating
Some health experts said it isn't clear whether the ban will have any effect on obesity. But they said it might help usher in a change in attitude toward overeating, in the same way that many Americans have come to regard smoking as inconsiderate. The regulations follow other ambitious health moves on Bloomberg's watch, many of which were attacked as a push toward a "nanny state."
Yet some have proved to be national trendsetters, such as making chain restaurants post calories on their menus. The city has also barred artificial trans fats in french fries and other restaurant food, cracked down on smoking and promoted breast-feeding over formula.
The Board of Health approved the big-soda ban 8-0, with one member, Dr Sixto R. Caro, abstaining. Caro, a doctor of internal medicine, said the plan wasn't comprehensive enough. Others spoke forcefully of the need for action to deal with an obesity crisis.
"I feel to not act would really be criminal," said board member Susan Klitzman, director of the Urban Public Health Program at Hunter College. City Health Commissioner DrThomas Farley called the rule "a historic step to address a major health problem of our time."The restaurant and beverage industries complained that the city is exaggerating the role sugary beverages have played in making Americans fat.
Some say it’s a political resolution
"This is a political solution and not a health solution," said Eliot Hoff, a spokesman for an industry-sponsored group called New Yorkers for Beverage Choices, which claims to have gathered more than 250 000 signatures on petitions against the plan. He said the group is considering suing to block the rule.
"We will continue to voice our opposition to this ban and fight for the right of New Yorkers to make their own choices. And we will stand with the business owners who will be hurt by these arbitrary limitations," Hoff said in a statement. Enforcement will be carried out by New York City's restaurant inspectors. Violations will carry a $200 fine. Complying might prove complicated for some establishments.
Starbucks is trying to figure out whether the regulations bar it from selling its kilojoule-packed Frappuccinos in the 24-ounce size (0.7 liters). Another issue could be iced coffee, which many cafes sweeten with liquefied sugar. Customers might have to add the sweetener themselves.
Fast-food restaurants with self-serve soda fountains will be prohibited from giving out cups larger than 16 ounces (0.47 liters), but people will still be allowed refills. Manhattan pizza shop owner Vinnie Siena said halting sales of large sodas will hurt his already thin profit margin, unless he raises prices. "I'm having a tough time as it is. They don't want the little guy to survive, it seems," he said.
(Sapa, September 2012)
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